Free-Riding in Multi-Issue Decisions

M. Lackner, J. Maly, O. Nardi
AAMAS 2023
Abstract
Voting in multi-issue domains allows for compromise outcomes that satisfy all voters to some extent. Such fairness considerations, however, open the possibility of a special form of manipulation: free-riding. By untruthfully opposing a popular opinion in one issue, voters can receive increased consideration in other issues. We study under which conditions this is possible. Additionally, we study free-riding from a computational and experimental point of view. Our results show that free-riding in multi-issue domains is largely unavoidable, but comes at a non-negligible individual risk for voters. Thus, the allure of free-riding is smaller than one could intuitively assume.

Experiments:

Election type Culture Candidates Voters Instances Parameters
Approval Euclidean 2D {4} {20} 1000 points sampled uniformly at random; approve closest candidate plus those which are at most 20\% further away